Together with its members, UNEP FI has created numerous tools, methodologies, and guides to empower banks, investors and insurers to better assess, disclose and manage their climate risks. These crucial resources include the results of the work of more than 100 financial institutions who took part in UNEP FI’s pioneering Climate Risk and TCFD programme and participants in UNEP FI’s Risk Centre.

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Tools and assessment methodologies

Climate Stress Testing Methodologies for Banks: Current Practices, Challenges and the Road Ahead (2025). This report enables risk professionals at banks to stay abreast of the latest developments in climate stress testing and strengthen their internal frameworks. It outlines common approaches and key considerations and provides an update on the latest climate stress testing practices and potential use cases for climate stress testing outcomes.

Target audience: banks

Bridging climate and credit risk: Current approaches and emerging trends for climate-related credit risk assessment methodologies—insights from a global survey (2025). This report offers a detailed analysis of how banks currently assess and manage climate-related credit risks with actionable insights for risk professionals and senior management to identify strengths and gaps in their current practices.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

 

Sustainability Risk Tool Dashboard (2025) is designed to help financial institutions navigate the rapidly evolving landscape of environmental and social risk tools. This open-access database provides a comprehensive overview of more than 100 tools, detailing their features, metrics, methodologies, assumptions, and common use cases.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Managing physical climate-related risks in loan portfolios (2024) offers an in-depth analysis of physical climate risk management to equip retail banks with tools to effectively assess, manage, and minimise physical climate risks in their business.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Assessing climate transition risk: methodologies and roles for financial institutions (2024) delves into the critical nature of retrofits, evaluates existing methodologies for assessing climate risks in real estate portfolios, and explores various stakeholders’ roles in facilitating retrofitting.   

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

The climate data challenge: the critical role of open-source and neutral data platforms (2024) explores the increasing demand for robust climate data amongst financial institutions.This latest report explores the challenges that such companies could encounter concerning their management of critical climate data.  

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Climate Risk Landscape Report 2024 serves as a comprehensive resource delving into the available tools for financial institutions to assess physical and transition climate risks and boost their institution’s resilience to related impacts.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

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The 2023 Climate Risk Landscape Technical Supplement presents a comprehensive analysis of climate risk assessment outcomes from multiple vendors, offering valuable insights into the impact of a transition to a low-carbon economy and climate risks on financial institutions’ portfolios. 

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Unboxing Nature-related Risks: Insights from the UNEP FI-led TNFD Piloting Programme (2023) presents the results of an extensive global pilot testing led by UNEP FI with the private finance sector to test the draft risk management and disclosure framework from the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

The 2023 Climate Risk Landscape explores the major market trends in physical risk and transition risk tools and provides detailed analysis on dozens of individual tools. 

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Managing Transition Risk in Real Estate: Aligning to the Paris Climate Accord (2022) assesses the state of real estate assets and the challenges the sector faces to align to net zero. It provides insights on the climate challenges confronting the real estate sector, and recommendations for addressing them.

Target audience: banks and insurers

Climate Tango: Principles for integrating physical and transition climate risk assessment with sectoral examples (2022) explores the combined financial impact of physical and transition risks. The report includes theoretical principles and practical steps for implementation of an integrated assessment of physical and transition risks with examples of sectoral analysis.

Target audience: banks and insurers

The Climate Risk Tool Landscape: 2022 Supplement gives financial institutions insights into the process, challenges, and outputs related to using selected climate risk tools through detailed case studies from 15 financial institutions.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

The Climate Risk Landscape: Mapping Climate-related Financial Risk Assessment Methodologies (2021) provides a summary of the key developments across third party climate risk assessment providers from 2019 to 2021, including scenarios, methodological tools, key guidelines, as well as an overview of the changing regulatory landscape and potential developments into 2021.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Insuring the climate transition: Enhancing the insurance industry’s assessment of climate change futures (2021) supports the insurance industry in identifying and disclosing the impact of climate change on their businesses based on the TCFD recommendations.

Target audience: insurers

Using hindsight and foresight: Update from the TCFD Pilot Project for Insurers (2020) provides insights from the project that 22 leading insurers and reinsurers from across the globe have joined to explore and pilot methodologies that insurers can use to implement the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD).

Target audience: insurers

Transition Check (2020) is a user-friendly webtool that enables financial institutions to assess transition risks across a wide range of geographies, economic sectors, and climate scenarios (including NGFS scenarios). The tool produces loss estimates, PDs, and LGDs in a clean, downloadable format to support internal assessments and TCFD reporting.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Beyond the Horizon (2020) supports banks in analysing transition risks, featuring a comprehensive transition risk heatmap developed by the participating institutions that provides perspectives into how climate-sensitive sectors may be impacted by a low-carbon transition.

Target audience: banks

Charting a New Climate (2020) supports financial institutions in navigating the changing physical climate risk landscape. The report explores physical risk data, tools, correlation analyses, heatmapping, and opportunity identification among other crucial topics.

Target audience: banks

Changing Course: Real Estate – TCFD pilot project report and investor guide to scenario-based climate risk assessment in Real Estate Portfolios (2019) aims to enhance the understanding and ease adoption of the TCFD recommendations by real estate investors across the wider investment industry.

Target audience: investors

Changing Course: A comprehensive investor guide to scenario-based methods for climate risk assessment (2019) analyses, evaluates, and tests, state-of-the-art methodologies to enable 1.5°C, 2°C, and 3°C scenario-based analysis of investors portfolios in line with the TCFD recommendations. Supported by Carbon Delta.

Target audience: investors

Navigating a New Climate: Assessing Credit Risk and Opportunity in a Changing Climate (2018) covers physical risk assessment methodologies.

Target audience: banks

Extending our Horizons: Assessing Credit Risk and Opportunity in a Changing Climate (2018) details the jointly developed methodology for scenario-based assessment of the transition-related risk and opportunities.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

 

 

Climate scenarios (physical and transition risk pathways)

A Practical Guide to 1.5°C Scenarios for Financial Users (2025) aims to enhance the financial sector’s capacity to interpret and apply climate scenarios effectively. The report highlights the critical milestones identified in scenario pathways, explains their implications for emissions, energy demand, and financing needs, and examines their practical use in risk assessment and mitigation strategies, offering actionable guidance to financial institutions.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Scenarios for Assessing Climate-Related Risks: New Short-Term Scenario Narratives (2024) aims to bridge this gap in climate scenario analysis by identifying short-term scenario narratives for financial use. This report serves as a guide to help financial institutions understand the implications and drivers of a range of short-term shocks. 

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

A Comprehensive Review of Global Supervisory Climate Stress Tests (2024) serves as a comprehensive resource for both supervisors and financial institutions, offering insights into the latest developments and practices in climate stress testing. It covers the scope, design, modeling approaches, and key findings of supervisory exercises, sharing good practices identified across various jurisdictions.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Good Practice Guide to Climate Stress Testing (2021) is a detailed user guide for financial institutions looking to understand climate stress testing and develop plans for effectively executing them. It has been created to assist the financial sector in its climate stress testing journey and should be adapted to meet the needs of a given firm.

Target audience: banks

Decarbonisation and Disruption: Understanding the financial risks of a disorderly transition using climate scenarios (2021) covers two primary themes of relevance to financial institutions, with support from Oliver Wyman. First, it examines sector specific risk drivers that could result in a disorderly transition, making the argument that climate transition risk is a significant near-term threat to much of the economy. Second, the report explored how these risk drivers are currently being modeled in climate scenarios produced by major integrated assessment models (IAMs). The paper also includes bank case studies.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Pathways to Paris: A practical guide to climate transition scenarios for financial professionals (2021) is a detailed guide, in partnership with CICERO, for financial sector practitioners looking to understand and apply climate scenarios in a financial risk context. This paper also contains case studies from participating banks that capture their experiences using climate scenarios.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

 

Reporting and regulatory guidance

Physically Fit? How financial institutions can better disclose climate-related physical risks in line with the recommendations of the TCFD (2022) provides guidance on the disclosure of physical climate risks in line with the TCFD recommendations. Developed with the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Target audience: banks

TCFD Playbook (2020) – developed through consultation with member financial institutions, this document provides guidance on and examples of leading practices around TCFD reporting in the financial sector. This desk reference also aims to enhance the depth and comparability of TCFD disclosures by financial institutions. Developed with the Institute for International Finance.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

From Disclosure to Action (2020) – a stock-take on how financial institutions are incorporating climate risk into their operations. Numerous bank case studies and UNEP FI TCFD participant survey results provide details on the latest practices. The paper also provides concrete and actionable guidance on integrating climate risk throughout an organization.

Target audience: banks

 

Sectoral risks and supporting client engagement

This report series explores the key physical and transition risks that banks, investors and insurers with clients in the following sectors face: Industrials (2023). Agriculture (2023). Real Estate (2023). Oil and Gas (2023). Metals and Mining (2024). Power Generation (2024). Transportation (2024).

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Managing physical climate-related risks in loan portfolios (2024) offers an in-depth analysis of physical climate risk management to equip retail banks with tools to effectively assess, manage, and minimise physical climate risks in their business.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Emerging Economies: Climate Risks and Best Practices for Climate Risk Disclosure (2023) provides a comprehensive overview of climate risks and opportunities in emerging economies and practical guidance to integrate climate considerations into financial reporting processes. 

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Vietnam’s Climate Risks and Best Practices for TCFD Disclosure (2023) features an overview of the climate-related financial risks and opportunities in Vietnam and their impacts on different economic sectors.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers

Leadership strategies for client engagement: Advancing climate-related assessments (2022) is designed to support the financial sector to improve assessment and interactions with clients in line with net zero plans. It builds on the University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership’s Banking Environment Initiative Let’s Discuss Climate: the essential guide to bank-client engagement.

Target audience: banks, investors, insurers